英语趣谈:网上世界的defamation

加拿大都市网

文︰子慧

元朗食肆被指卖狗肉,食环署食物样本化验结果证实卖的是羊肉,该店终于沉冤得雪。

但这样的指控对店铺影响之大可想而知。店主对传媒诉苦,说事件令他大受困扰,两星期消瘦了十磅。

挂羊头卖狗肉?

有关的失实指控是在社交网站登出,《英文虎报》就事件发表社论,讨论资讯科技年代网上以讹传讹的问题,指出事件对当事人带来的伤害:

The restaurateur(餐厅经理、餐馆老板) was chastised by angry netizens and forced to close shop for a few days. Meanwhile, police and Food and Environmental Hygiene Department officials swooped to look for evidence of irregularities. After FEHD tested the meat, the mutton was found to be genuine.

Chastise是动词,解rebuke or reprimand severely,重重的责备,亦即报章常用的“狠批”。Netizen是internet的net和citizen的混合体,即“网民”。

他们以为食肆“挂羊头卖狗肉”,所以chastise店子。

Swoop解fly downward,例如︰The seagulls swoop down to fight for scraps of food on the road.(海鸥俯冲到马路上争夺残余的食物。)Swoop也解突袭,”swooped to look for evidence of irregularities”是突击检查,搜集违规的证据。

有关的肉类被检走化验,结果证实是如假包换的羊肉。明显地,在网上的“报道”是失实。这种言论影响的固然是店子的reputation(声誉)。而无事实根据影响人或机构声誉的指控,就是defamation(诽谤)。动词是defame。

Defamation在法律上有详细的定义,字典有较简单的解释:The action of damaging the good reputation of someone; slander or libel. 这是基本的意思,伤害他人名誉的行为就是诽谤。而defamation分为slander和libel两种。

Libel和Slander

港大社区法网提供资料协助市民了解箇中分别:

Broadly speaking, there are two kinds of defamation. They are: Libel, which is the publication of defamatory matter in writing or in some other permanent form, and Slander, which is the publication of defamatory matter by word of mouth or in some transient (temporary) form.

概括而言,诽谤分为两类:一类是“永久形式诽谤”(Libel),即以书写或其他永久方式,去发布诽谤事情;另一类是“短暂形式诽谤”(Slander) ,即以口述或其他短暂方式,去发布诽谤事情。

“法网”又解释,根据诽谤法,publish(发布)的意思“不只限于印制及发行书籍/报纸/杂志”。

“发布”一般是指“以任何方式让另一个人或公众知道有关事情。”所以在网上写一些无事实根据又影响他人名誉的言论,就是诽谤,发布者很可能惹上官非。

网上言论经常都会有诽谤的情况,青少年世界也受到感染。Frequently Asked Questions about Slander and Libel in the Digital Age提供指引,协助了解这个在网上愈来愈严重的问题。

share to wechat