文︰子慧
“No pain, no gain.”(要有收获就必须受点苦。)这句话若改成︰”No risk, no gain.”也是正确的。Risk是风险。凡有价值的东西,不论是投资或做人、做事,要有成果总也要冒点风险。现今世界不断改变,有专家就认为,不去take risk其实是最危险的。
“冒风险”是take risk,“肯去冒风险的人”叫risk-taker。小风险大家都会愿意“博一博”,但较大的风险就未必人人都愿意冒,所以我们对risk-taker都有点既羡慕又妒忌。
For better or worse, those who are brave enough to take the plunge are often celebrated. After all, playing it safe just doesn’t make for a great story.
Plunge解纵身一跳、俯冲、勐地投入,例如︰The boy plunged into the river from the rock.(男孩从石上纵身跳进河中。)而take the plunge解采取大胆果断措施(尤指曾作一番考虑),例如︰We decided to take the plunge and start a company even if we don’t have too much capital.(虽然我们资本不很充裕,但仍决定大胆尝试开公司。)Take risk基本上就是take the plunge。
Take the plunge的相反就是play it safe,不冒险,宁安稳不犯错。“临渊羡鱼,不如退而结网。”与其羡慕risk-taker的收获,不如成为risk-taker。不去冒险的原因不外乎是贪图安稳或害怕失败及损伤。专家就说,克服这心理关口其实不难。
分散注意力 不从坏处想
首先要明白为何自己会“遇险”而却步。神经学家Tara Swart说:”Our own experiences and our individual emotional(情绪的) histories will affect how risky(肯冒险程度) we’ll be.”面对风险,脑袋就会把过往失败的经历重演,务求阻你冒险。家中父母对你冒风险的心态也有影响︰”Your parents may have been particularly risk-averse(避开风险) during your upbringing.”另外,文化也是因素。
Swart建议用一种”silencing the mind”的方法︰”These techniques are designed to reduce ‘brain chatter(唠叨、喋喋不休)’ by training the brain on being in the present.”专注于目前的、身边的事物,就可把注意力分散,不去听脑袋重複的“反对声音”。
这方法其实有生理的基础:
Mindfulness can keep your cortisol(皮质醇) and adrenaline(肾上腺素) levels down, so that you can be clear-headed(头脑清醒) enough to make intelligent decisions.
另外,就要打破”‘catastrophic thinking’ patterns”,即向最坏方面想的思维。心理治疗师Deena Goodman解释︰”Most catastrophic thinking comes from being out of control. When we’re out of control, we try to latch on to(揪住不放) control by predicting the worst possible outcomes.”
把害怕会出现的后果写下来,逐一想想解决和应对办法,就可减低忧虑,给自己尝试的胆量。细心想想就会发现,其实过往都曾遇过的问题,都总会想到办法应付,Plan A行不通自然会想到Plan B,没什麽大不了。明白这点,就不会对risk-taking过分担心。Libby Gill称过分害怕take risk为”Riskophobia”,在You Unstuck: Mastering the New Rules of Risk-taking in Work and Life一书中,她教大家如何克服这种心结。
