文︰子慧
Be careful!(小心點!)——這可能是父母對孩子的說話中,最常聽見的一句。「小心駛得萬年船」這句話也點出了being careful的重要。Careful的相反是careless。Careless就是不小心,不小心就會遇上意外,小則受傷,重則可能連性命也丟掉。
Careless後果嚴重,所以某些carelessness被定為刑事罪,如careless driving(不小心駕駛)。目的當然是要防止意外發生。
安全措施愈來愈多
Steve Casner在著作Careful: A User’s Guide to Our Injury-Prone Minds中就指出,過去幾十年,人類的安全意識不斷提高,又採取愈來愈多的安全措施,包括提醒和警告字句、安全意識的宣傳推廣等,新的安全裝置、防意外的設計也不斷推出。
The safety tips and advice were accompanied(陪同) by the invention of safety devices and features on the products we used.
Seat belts became standard requirements in passenger cars, and the idea of using them eventually began to click. The palm-and-turn childproof(防兒童開啟的、保護兒童安全的) top we still use on pill bottles came along in the late 1960s. Backup beepers(倒車鳴響器) on trucks, fences around pools, smoke alarms and sprinkler systems(消防洒水系統), tip-over switches, impact-friendly(防震盪的) surfaces on playgrounds – the good ideas came one after another.
Click用作名詞解喀嚓聲。在IT年代,大家都知道click解點擊。Click用作動詞亦解成為朋友︰John and Peter met for the first time and they clicked.(約翰和彼得一見如故。)Click也解become suddenly clear or understandable,變得清楚、明白、理解、頓悟,這就是上面一段中”click”的意思。
不留心與自以為是
事實上,這些發展確令意外減少,至少意外致死的數字下降了。Steve Casner說,1918年美國每20人就有一個會橫死,到了1992年,比例下跌至每40人才有一個因意外喪生;數字下跌,但意外仍然天天發生。
Steve Casner就列出令人injury prone(容易受傷)的主要原因。第一自然就是不小心,其實即是不留心,”not paying attention”。
In spite of what some may think, we certainly(肯定地) can’t pay attention to two things at once … whether it be shooting off(匆忙發出) a text behind the wheel(駕車) or chatting with friends as we watch kids play by a pool, things can quickly go wrong.
大家都自以為可以一心二用,一邊駕車一邊聽手機或發短訊,看孩子時自顧聊天,multi-tasking其實行不通,分心的結果就是意外。
另外,是以為自己不會犯錯,其實老手或專家,遲早都會出錯。
NASA inadvertently(不經意地) erased the original tapes of the Apollo 11 moon landing.
連人類首次登陸月球的錄影帶,美國太空總署都可以意外地「洗」掉!
避免意外要留神,也要承認出錯的可能性,事先用方法去避免。
